2015年5月9日托?？荚嚮仡櫍谡Z聽力篇）
來源：滬江英語
小編：Lucy 3032015年5月9日進行的托福考試有何新題型？各種托福題目難度如何？環球教育為大家準備了最新的托?？荚噧热莺驮斀?，祝各位考生學習愉快！
口語
Task1 –Some school prevent students to put TV in the dormitory, What are the advantages and disadvantages of this policy? Please include specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
Sample Response:
Personally speaking, the police can bring students lots of benefits and its advantages overweight its disadvantages. There is no doubt that most of the students may complain about it because watching TV is an effective way for them to have a temporary escape from heavy study work lord and they are able to learn something from these educational programs such as documentary, history, animal world. However, exposing to TV for too long time can make students become “coach potatoes”, some students without good self control may addicted to watch TV, like soap opera, or some reality shows, which can enormously influence their study efficiency. Compared with watching TV, I suggest students to step out the dormitory and participating in some healthy activities like playing basketball or hiking to stretch their arms and legs, which can better release their pressure.
Task 2- Some people think newspaper are better than other media such as TV. Do you agree?
Response tips:
Agree
1) Newspaper cost less than other media, we have to pay for the electricity bills and cable fee. The money saved can buy more to get information or just used for other uses.
2) News on newspaper is completely at our disposal, we can read them over and over again anytime. While we cannot control the news broadcasting on TV to meet our own schedule.
Disgree
1) It is more convenient to obtain the most up-to-date news cuz I can turn it on whenever I want. It is such a vast ocean of natural science and social science. And TV can report both news at home and abroad.
2) We can save a lot of time by watching TV or listening to radio. For me, I often turn on the radio when I am doing housework like sweeping or washing clothes.
3) Compared with newspaper, the images and videos as well as words on TV are more direct and vivid to perceive.
Task3
閱讀：School proposal: hiring professional musician to instruct the show.
R1: Students can learn more from it.
R2: More students will be attracted to the show.
聽力： The woman disagrees
R1: professional musician 很忙，在本市已經指導了幾個show, 只能來campus once a week. 這樣可能會拖累學生進度，不如讓學生指導能夠更好地了解show的排練進程。
R2：雖然他很有名氣，但不是theater專業的人不了解，甚至沒聽說過，所以不會吸引很多學生。
Task4
話題是experienced good。People can only know its value after usage 所以需要sample。
聽力：教授朋友賣給小朋友看的educational DVD. 剛開始就送了每個elementary school teacher first series. 然后學生覺得fun而且學到很多東西，所以很多老師回來購買，最后銷量很好，success national wide.
Task5
Problem: the man 要搬出學校住，但是用不到電腦寫他的literature paper所以想買laptop又沒錢。
S1：work on extra hours
A1:professor agree
D1: too busy
S2: use money saved for trip to NewYork
A1: no working more better focus
D1: 失信于朋友，并且期望已久這個trip
Task6
Polar bear 適應swim in cold water 的兩個features。
1. 吸收陽光
黑色幫助吸收陽光，雖然北極熊看起來是白色，但是skin underneath the fur 其實是黑色 can help trap sunlight.
2. 防止皮膚接觸到冷水
oily skin
聽力
Conversation 1
一個姑娘找教授咨詢有關論文資料，說到silver對一些城市的影響，還有礦城的衰落等。
-TPO部分對應參考 （論文科研 TPO13-C1/TPO17-C1）
-TPO對應詞匯
科研過程
Hypothesis
Alternative hypothesis擇一假說
Null hypothesis無效假說, 零假說
Collect data
Survey, questionnaire
Experiment
Interfere, influence
Observation
Analyze data
Interpret data
Analysis
Analytical
Subject
Sample
Treatment group
Non-treatment
Control group
Lecture 1
New computerizing and old computerizing
-TPO部分對應參考 （計算機科學類TPO21-L2）
-參考背景
Computing is any goal-oriented activity requiring, benefiting from, or creating algorithmic processes—e.g. through computers. Computing includes designing, developing and building hardware and software systems; processing, structuring, and managing various kinds of information; doing scientific research on and with computers; making computer systems behave intelligently; and creating and using communications and entertainment media. The field of computing includes computer engineering, software engineering, computer science, information systems, and information technology.
Lecture 2
建筑學有關。講了一個新型節能建筑。
-TPO部分對應參考（建筑學類TPO11-L2/TPO13-L1）
-參考背景
Green building (also known as green construction or sustainable building) refers to both a structure and the using of processes that are environmentally responsible and resource-efficient throughout a building's life-cycle: from siting to design, construction, operation, maintenance, renovation, and demolition. In other words, green building design involves finding the balance between homebuilding and the sustainable environment. This requires close cooperation of the design team, the architects, the engineers, and the client at all project stages. The Green Building practice expands and complements the classical building design concerns of economy, utility, durability, and comfort.
Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) is a set of rating systems for the design, construction, operation, and maintenance of green buildings which was Developed by the U.S. Green Building Council.
Although new technologies are constantly being developed to complement current practices in creating greener structures, the common objective is that green buildings are designed to reduce the overall impact of the built environment on human health and the natural environment by:
? Efficiently using energy, water, and other resources
? Protecting occupant health and improving employee productivity
? Reducing waste, pollution and environmental degradation
A similar concept is natural building, which is usually on a smaller scale and tends to focus on the use of natural materials that are available locally. Other related topics include sustainable design and green architecture. Sustainability may be defined as meeting the needs of present generations without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. Although some green building programs don't address the issue of the retrofitting existing homes, others do, especially through public schemes for energy efficient refurbishment. Green construction principles can easily be applied to retrofit work as well as new construction.
Conversation 2
學生職業規劃跟找工作有關，提供的幫助等等。
-TPO部分對應參考 （求職打工TPO6-C1/TPO18-C1）
-TPO對應詞匯
校內工作，課外活動
及尋找經濟援助：
Letter of reference/recommendation
Competitive
Benefit future career
Field research
Collect data for papers
Waiter, waitress，Babysitter
Work at the library
Qualification資格, qualified 合格的
Resume, CV
financial aid經濟援助
Scholarship Fellowship
Teaching assistantship 助教獎學金
Research assistantship 研究獎學金
Grant 助學金
Loan 貸款
Need-based以需求為基礎
Merit-based 以優秀為基礎
Student union 學生會
Clubs 俱樂部
Membership 成員資格
Career service
Lecture 3
到歐洲中世紀人口sharp decrease原因，在中世紀之前Roman Empire統治世界，從龐貝遺跡之類的都能看出那時候人口是很多的，但是中世紀的時候人口驟降是為什么呢？一個原因是建造房子的材料，中世紀的時候是organic material容易decay腐爛，所以沒有找到什么證據。后面講到demographic distribution map有些地方是空白的。
-TPO部分對應參考 （人類學類TPO7-L3/TPO22-L1）
-參考背景
Medieval demography is the study of human demography in Europe and the Mediterranean during the Middle Ages. It is an estimate of the number of people who were alive during the Medieval period, population trends, life expectancy, family structure, and related issues. In many ways, demography was one of the most crucial factors of historical change throughout the Middle Ages.
The population of Europe was stable at a low level in the Early Middle Ages, boomed during the High Middle Ages, reached a stable peak from about 1250-1350, then a number of calamities caused a steep decline, the nature of which historians have debated. Population levels then slowly expanded, gaining momentum in the early 16th century.
The science of medieval demography relies on various lines of evidence, such as administrative records, wills and other types of records, archaeological field data, economic data, and written histories. Because the data are often incomplete and/or ambiguous, there can be significant disagreement among medieval demographers.
Lecture 4
Fishing aggregation，魚群聚集現象。學生現提出兩個可能：protect against predator/ food resource。然后兩個Spanish challenge this說只有病嬌的金槍魚在成年之后還躲在漂浮物下，其他的魚早就不躲了。老師舉例說coloration過程，最后講到 fishing aggregation device，捕魚的人利用這個特質抓金槍魚，但不捕未成年的。
-TPO部分對應參考 （生態學類TPO13-L2/TPO15-L4）
-參考背景
A fish aggregating (or aggregation) device (FAD) is a man-made object used to attract ocean going pelagic fish such as marlin, tuna and mahi-mahi (dolphin fish). They usually consist of buoys or floats tethered to the ocean floor with concrete blocks. Over 300 species of fish gather around FADs. FADs attract fish for numerous reasons that vary by species.
Fish tend to move around FADs in varying orbits, rather than remaining stationary below the buoys. Both recreational and commercial fisheries use FADs.
Before FADs, commercial tuna fishing used purse seining to target surface-visible aggregations of birds and dolphins, which were a reliable signal of the presence of tuna schools below. The demand for dolphin-safe tuna was a driving force for FADs.
Fish are fascinated with floating objects. They use them to mark locations for mating activities. They aggregate in considerable numbers around objects such as drifting flotsam, rafts, jellyfish and floating seaweed. The objects appear to provide a "visual stimulus in an optical void", and offer some protection for juvenile fish from predators. The gathering of juvenile fish, in turn, attracts larger predator fish. A study using sonar in French Polynesia, found large shoals of juvenile bigeye tuna and yellowfin tuna aggregated closest to the devices, 10 to 50m. Further out, 50 to 150m, was a less dense group of larger yellow fin and albacore tuna. Yet further out, to 500m, was a dispersed group of various large adult tuna. The distribution and density of these groups was variable and overlapped. The FADs were also used by other fish, and the aggregations dispersed when it was dark.
